DIABETES AND COMPLICATIONS: THE RISKS YOU NEED TO KNOW WHEN LIVING WITH DIABETES

1. HEART DISEASE AND STROKE

People with diabetes are at an increased risk of developing heart disease and having strokes. High blood sugar levels can damage blood vessels and lead to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis. This can restrict blood flow to the heart and brain, increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes.

To reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke:

• Control blood sugar: Keep your blood sugar levels within the target range set by your healthcare provider.

• Monitor blood pressure and cholesterol: High blood pressure and cholesterol are common in people with diabetes and can contribute to heart disease.

• Adopt a heart-healthy diet: Focus on eating foods that support heart health, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats.

• Exercise regularly: Physical activity can help lower blood pressure, improve cholesterol levels, and strengthen your heart.

2. DIABETIC RETINOPATHY (EYE DAMAGE)

Diabetic retinopathy is a condition that affects the blood vessels in the retina and can lead to vision loss if not properly managed. High blood sugar levels can damage these blood vessels, causing them to leak fluid or bleed, which affects vision.

To protect your eyesight:

• Get regular eye exams: It’s important to have an annual eye exam to detect any early signs of diabetic retinopathy.

• Keep blood sugar levels in check: Consistently managing your blood sugar can help prevent damage to the blood vessels in your eyes.

• Control blood pressure: High blood pressure can worsen eye problems, so it’s crucial to manage it effectively.

3. KIDNEY DAMAGE (NEPHROPATHY)

Diabetic nephropathy is kidney damage that occurs when high blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels in the kidneys. Over time, this can lead to kidney failure, which may require dialysis or a kidney transplant.

To protect your kidneys:

• Monitor kidney function: Regularly check for signs of kidney damage, such as protein in the urine, which can be detected through blood and urine tests.

• Control blood sugar and blood pressure: Keeping both in check is essential to protect kidney health.

• Avoid excessive use of certain medications: Some medications can harm the kidneys, so consult your healthcare provider before taking over-the-counter drugs.

4. NERVE DAMAGE (NEUROPATHY)

Diabetic neuropathy occurs when high blood sugar damages the nerves throughout the body, particularly in the feet and hands. This can cause numbness, tingling, pain, and, in severe cases, loss of sensation. Diabetic neuropathy can also affect the digestive system, leading to issues such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

To prevent nerve damage:

• Manage blood sugar: Keeping blood sugar levels within a healthy range can slow or prevent the progression of nerve damage.

• Care for your feet: People with diabetes should check their feet daily for any sores, blisters, or cuts and seek prompt medical care if they notice anything unusual.

• Get regular checkups: Talk to your doctor about any signs of nerve damage, and get routine foot exams.

5. POOR CIRCULATION AND AMPUTATION RISK

High blood sugar can damage the blood vessels, leading to poor circulation, especially in the legs and feet. When circulation is impaired, wounds and infections may not heal properly, increasing the risk of gangrene and amputation.

To improve circulation and reduce amputation risk:

• Keep your blood sugar under control: Managing blood sugar is key to preventing poor circulation and reducing the risk of complications.

• Practice good foot care: Regularly check your feet, avoid walking barefoot, and keep your feet clean and dry.

• Exercise: Physical activity helps improve circulation and maintain healthy blood flow.

6. GUM DISEASE AND DENTAL PROBLEMS

People with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing gum disease due to high blood sugar levels, which can affect the gums and teeth. Gum disease can lead to tooth loss and further complicate diabetes management.

To protect your oral health:

• Brush and floss regularly: Maintain good oral hygiene to prevent gum disease and cavities.

• Visit the dentist regularly: Schedule regular dental check-ups and cleanings to catch any dental issues early.

• Control blood sugar: Well-controlled blood sugar reduces the risk of infections, including gum disease.

7. SKIN CONDITIONS

People with diabetes are more prone to various skin conditions, such as infections, dry skin, and itching. High blood sugar can weaken the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight off infections.

To care for your skin:

• Moisturize regularly: Keep your skin hydrated to prevent dryness and itching.

• Monitor for infections: Check for signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, or pus, and seek prompt treatment.

• Control blood sugar: Proper blood sugar management can reduce the risk of skin infections.

8. DEPRESSION AND MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES

Living with a chronic condition like diabetes can take a toll on mental health, leading to feelings of stress, anxiety, and depression. Mental health challenges can also affect how well a person manages their diabetes, creating a vicious cycle.

To protect your mental health:

• Seek support: Join a diabetes support group or talk to a mental health professional to manage stress and emotions.

• Stay active: Physical activity can help reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety.

• Connect with others: Talking with friends, family, or support groups can reduce feelings of isolation and stress.

CONCLUSION

While diabetes can lead to serious complications, many of these risks can be managed or prevented through proactive care. By maintaining healthy blood sugar levels, monitoring for early signs of complications, and working closely with your healthcare team, you can reduce the likelihood of experiencing these issues. Regular check-ups, healthy lifestyle choices, and proper self-care are essential in living a long, healthy life with diabetes.